NATIONS COMMIT TO REBUILDING GRAND BANKS COD FISHERY

Posted on 26 September 2010
Halifax, Canada: The long-standing fishing moratorium on southern Grand Banks cod is to be extended for at least another three years, member countries of the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) decided Friday.

In another move applauded by WWF as one of its “measures of success” for the annual NAFO meeting, countries established a working group of scientists and managers to develop a rebuilding strategy in line with the precautionary approach and international commitments.

“We are pleased with the adoption of a NAFO working group to develop plans and we are optimistic that, when implemented, the plan will yield considerable long-term economic and ecological benefits,” said Dr. Bettina Saier, Director Oceans, WWF-Canada.

Grand Banks cod, once the basis of one of the world’s most productive and noted fisheries, have responded only slowly to a fishing moratorium introduced 16 years ago. Recent NAFO moves to establish voluntary limits on cod bycatch in other fisheries have seen the limits exceeded by more than half in 2009.

Atlantic cod numbers on the southern Grand Banks are estimated at only about 10 percent of historical levels, but the 2010 assessment data indicated a significant increase in the number of spawning fish. The fragile recovery is however, completely dependent on reducing excessive bycatch.

No new measures to reduce bycatch were adopted but the rebuilding plan is a significant step forward. Canada took the lead at NAFO by developing a plan to create a robust rebuilding strategy for depleted stocks, including essential elements such as rebuilding targets, timelines, and harvest control rules.

A precautionary approach compliant with the rebuilding strategy will also be developed for American plaice, another stock currently under moratorium.

NAFO also extended protection of a number of seamounts, classified by the UN since 2006 as Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. Seamounts closed to bottom fishing activities until 2014 were Orphan Knoll, Fogo Seamounts 1 and 2, Corner Seamounts, Newfoundland Seamounts, and New England Seamounts.

While WWF congratulates NAFO on its progress in meeting international commitments to protect these VMEs, a number of other conservation and management measures required by international commitments have not yet been met. Among other issues not addressed, contracting parties did not agree to undertake standardized impact assessments in all bottom fishing areas.

“Standardized impact assessments as specified by FAO guidelines in the entire NAFO regulatory area are an important tool to evaluate and assess the impacts of fishing on vulnerable habitats and species,” said Dr. Robert Rangeley, Vice-President, WWF-Canada, Atlantic Region

“NAFO’s Contracting Parties have not met their commitments made under the UN General Assembly resolution 64/72, which does not set a good example for other regional fisheries management organizations.”

NAFO also adopted criteria for its first independent performance review based on the UN Fish Stocks Agreement, giving them the opportunity to increase their transparency and strengthen their conservation measures.

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One thousand tortoises a week illegally gathered in south Madagascar

Posted on 28 September 2010

Toliara, Madagascar: Ten or more zebu carts filled with around 100 terrestrial tortoises each are leaving the Mahafaly Plateau in south Madagascar every week, according to a survey conducted by WWF staff.

And while poaching of the endemic radiated tortoise (Astrochelys radiata) and the spider tortoise (Pyxis arachnoids) for the bush meat and pet trade is long established, ongoing political instability has seen a large jump in illegal collection.

Poachers are also now much more likely to be armed and dangerous, with Toliara area gendarmes suspecting a well established network behind the poachers now lies behind the trade.

Radiated and spider tortoises are among only four terrestrial tortoise species found in Madagascar and their range is limited to the unique but also under pressure southern spiny forest.

Some 7,855 living tortoises and more than 4.8 tonnes of meat were seized between 2001 and 2010 – thought to represent around two per cent of an estimated 600,000 tortoises collected from the eco region during that period.

Highly sought after in exotic pet markets

“The population decline of these flagship species is alarming,” said Tiana Ramahaleo, WWF’s Conservation Planning and Species Programme Coordinator in Madagascar. “If we don’t manage to halt tortoise poaching and habitat destruction in the South, we might lose both tortoises in the wild in less than fifty years”

Radiated tortoise meat is a delicacy for the Vezo and Antanosy ethnic groups in the south and people from the High Plateau around Madagascar's capital Antananarivo during special events such as Christmas, Easter and Independence Day – accounting for peaks in poaching for a few weeks before the festivals. To a lesser extent, radiated tortoises are killed after they invade crop fields in search for food.

A recent survey by WWF Toliara among 30 communities in the south western spiny forest shows that tortoise collection in the Plateau Mahafaly is still rampant. Tortoises are gathered in this area and sent to the main meat markets such as Toliara and Fort Dauphin for local consumption or they are being smuggled out of the country.

Tortoise habitat is also under threat from alarming levels of deforestation, with a study made in 2008 by Conservation International (CI) showing an increase in deforestation rates from 1.2 per cent annually 1999-2000 to nearly four per cent annually in some regions in 2000-2005. The main drivers behind such high rates of deforestation are slash and burn agriculture, bush fires and charcoal production for the towns of Toliara and Fort Dauphin.

Madagascar’s endemic tortoises are highly sought after in exotic pet markets. TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade programme of WWF, recently reported radiated tortoises and other threatened Malagasy species openly on sale in pet markets in both Thailand and Indonesia, while TRAFFIC also reports a number of occasions when travellers have been arrested with Malagasy tortoises in their luggage in the region.

Earlier this year, two Malagasy women became the first people charged and convicted under Malaysia’s tough new International Trade in Endangered Species Act 2008 after they were found with 374 tortoises, the majority of them radiated tortoises in their possession. Each woman received a one year prison term. There have also been a number of seizures from passengers at Madagascar’s international airport in Ivato.

“Such effective law enforcement action in Asia sends a strong deterrent signal to those involved in the illicit trade that this global problem is being tackled in an increasingly systematic manner,” said James Compton, Director of TRAFFIC’s Asia-Pacific Programme.

WWF in Madagascar has been active in the spiny forest eco region since 1999.

“We managed to reduce deforestation rate by 27% where WWF works” says Ramahaleo “And four theatre groups are touring the South raising awareness for tortoise conservation. Many villages have decided to forbid tortoise poaching and cooperate well with local authorities. Almost all seizures made so far were possible because of community members blowing the whistle”.

This year, WWF Toliara celebrated the Year of Biodiversity with a conference about their endemic tortoises. The objective was to raise awareness among the local population and animate them to conserve these emblematic species.

But even as WWF Toliara was holding this conference, participants received the breaking news: tortoise poachers had been arrested outside Toliara and 1,475 living tortoises as well as dry tortoise meat confiscated.

“For the next 5 years WWF will empower civil society and establish an information network in the south to help the police make sure tortoise trafficking does not go unpunished,” said Ramahaleo.

“We will also continue development initiatives in the region to show people there are alternatives to poaching tortoises for an income.

“Last but not least, we are asking every single person on this planet not to buy endangered Malagasy tortoises as pets. If the demand for the radiated and the spider tortoise on international markets is weakening, it’ll buy time to save them once and for all.”